1. 基本数据类型和变量声明:
2. 控制流语句:
- if-else语句:
- for循环:
- while循环:
- do-while循环:
- switch语句:
3. 数组和指针:
4. 函数和参数传递:
5. 类和对象:
进阶:
6. 指针:
7. 引用:
8. 继承:
9 多态:
10. 模板:
C++:
int age = 25;
double pi = 3.14159;
char grade = 'A';
bool isTrue = true;
2. 控制流语句:
- if-else语句:
C++:
if (age >= 18) {
cout << "You are an adult." << endl;
} else {
cout << "You are a minor." << endl;
}
- for循环:
C++:
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
cout << "Value of i: " << i << endl;
}
- while循环:
C++:
int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
cout << "Value of i: " << i << endl;
i++;
}
- do-while循环:
C++:
int i = 0;
do {
cout << "Value of i: " << i << endl;
i++;
} while (i < 5);
- switch语句:
C++:
int day = 2;
switch (day) {
case 1:
cout << "Monday" << endl;
break;
case 2:
cout << "Tuesday" << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid day" << endl;
}
3. 数组和指针:
C++:
int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int* ptr = numbers;
cout << "First element: " << *ptr << endl;
4. 函数和参数传递:
C++:
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
int result = add(3, 4);
cout << "Result: " << result << endl;
5. 类和对象:
C++:
class Rectangle {
private:
int length;
int width;
public:
Rectangle(int l, int w) {
length = l;
width = w;
}
int calculateArea() {
return length * width;
}
};
Rectangle rect(4, 5);
int area = rect.calculateArea();
cout << "Area: " << area << endl;
进阶:
6. 指针:
C++:
int number = 10;
int* ptr = &number; // 声明一个整型指针并将其指向number变量的地址
cout << "Value of number: " << *ptr << endl; // 通过指针访问number的值
7. 引用:
C++:
int number = 10;
int& ref = number; // 声明一个整型引用并将其绑定到number变量
cout << "Value of number: " << ref << endl; // 通过引用访问number的值
8. 继承:
C++:
class Animal {
public:
void sound() {
cout << "Animal makes a sound" << endl;
}
};
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
void sound() {
cout << "Dog barks" << endl;
}
};
Dog dog;
dog.sound(); // 输出 "Dog barks"
9 多态:
C++:
class Animal {
public:
virtual void sound() {
cout << "Animal makes a sound" << endl;
}
};
class Dog : public Animal {
public:
void sound() {
cout << "Dog barks" << endl;
}
};
Animal* animal = new Dog();
animal->sound(); // 输出 "Dog barks"
10. 模板:
C++:
template<typename T>
T add(T a, T b) {
return a + b;
}
int sum = add(3, 4); // 使用模板函数进行整数相加
double total = add(2.5, 3.7); // 使用模板函数进行浮点数相加
最后编辑: